What Are The Long-Term Consequences Of Berberine Use?
Kobi NathanShare
The long-term consequences of using berberine, considering its common side effects and potential risks, are multifaceted.
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation and diarrhea are the most frequently reported side effects.
These symptoms are generally mild and manageable, but they can lead to discomfort and potential discontinuation.
Acute toxicity is rare but has been documented, particularly at high doses.
This underscores the importance of adhering to recommended dosages to minimize risk.
Bradycardia, or low heart rate (less than 50 beats per minute) has been observed in isolated cases, suggesting that certain people with pre-existing cardiac conditions should be monitored closely.
Neurodegeneration is a more complex and less well-understood risk.
Berberine has been shown to cause mitochondria-dependent toxicity in neurons, which could worsen neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
This effect is mediated through NMDA receptor-dependent pathways and increased oxidative stress.
NMDA receptor-dependent pathways are processes in the brain that rely on NMDA receptors—special proteins found on nerve cells.
These receptors play a key role in how neurons communicate, and they're essential for brain functions like learning, memory formation, and adapting to new experiences.
Overall, while berberine is generally considered safe and beneficial for various metabolic and cardiovascular conditions, its long-term use requires careful monitoring for gastrointestinal disturbances, potential cardiac effects, and neurotoxicity, especially in vulnerable populations.
Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to fully understand these risks and optimize the health benefits of berberine.
References:
- Berberine and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. Li Z, Wang Y, Xu Q, et al. Phytotherapy Research : PTR. 2023;37(5):2051-2066. doi:10.1002/ptr.7806.
- Berberine and Barberry (Berberis Vulgaris): A Clinical Review. Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Phytotherapy Research : PTR. 2019;33(3):504-523. doi:10.1002/ptr.6252.
- Mitochondria and NMDA Receptor-Dependent Toxicity of Berberine Sensitizes Neurons to Glutamate and Rotenone Injury. Kysenius K, Brunello CA, Huttunen HJ. PloS One. 2014;9(9):e107129. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107129.